LIBRARY OF CONGRESsT 

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 



AWNINGS. 



HOW TO MEASURE FOB 



Rise and Fall Awnings, 



AWNINGS BETWEEN IRON COLUMNS, 

/ 
WINDOW AWNINGS, 



Roller and Tie Down Awnina:?. 



reOMAS MARTIN, 

276 CANAL ST., NEW YORK. 



137'S. 



-y OF COA^Q^. 

-^ N0...O 9. 7. ( 



\ 






Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1878, by 

Thomas Martin, 

in the Office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington, D. C, 



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CONTENTS. 



Page. 

How to Measure for Awning and Frame 5 

To Cut Awning 6 

To Finish off Awning 7 

To Order Frame 9 

To Put Up Awning 10 

Measuring Front, with Cornice or Projection at ToiJ 10 

To Cut Awning, do. do. do 11 

To Measure Slide Store Awning {I 

To Measure, Order Frames, and Make Awnings to go between Iron 

Columns 13 

To Measure Round Top Awnings 13 

To Finish Off 14 

To Measure Awnings for Eliptic Head 15 

To Measure Window Awnings, to Cut Awnings, and Order Frames 15 

To Finish Off Window Awnings 16 

To Put Up Window Awnings , , . 17 

To Measure for Window Awnings, when Blinds are on Windows 

and in use 17 

Roller and Tie-down Awnings 19 

To Put Up Ropes for Roller Awnings 19 

To Cut Tie-down Awnings 30 

To Cut Side Curtains for Stationary Frames 20 

To Rig Side Curtain to Draw Back 31 

General Information 21 



INSTRUCTIONS FOR MEASURING, MAKING 
AND PUTTING- UP AWNINGS. 



HOW TO MEASURE FOR AWNING AND FRAME. 

Measure from pavement up tlie house to where awning 
will fasten. Deduct six feet to pass under, and thirteen 
and one-half inches for scolloped curtain. Six feet is the 
usual distance of curtain from sidewalk. The frame is 
thirteen and one-half inches high. The balance is the dis- 
tance up of awning. A six inch stub, or fastening in wall, 
added to the up, gives the distance out. Example : Store 
front is thirteen feet high ; six feet to pass under ; we will 
say, for convenience, one foot for curtain ; balance of dis- 
tance up, six feet ; distance of awning from building out, 
six feet six inches. (See cut. ) 




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Thomas Martin, 216 Canal Street, N. Y. 



In measuring width, notice if windows set back at door ; 
where window frame will bear it stubs are fastened to it ; 
if it sets back have stubs made accordingly to correspond ; 
all stubs to be on a line — none to set out, none to set 
back. 

TO CUT AWNING. 

Draw a perpendicular line (on cutting board, or floor where 
two boards meet will do) six feet down ; another horizon- 
tal, six feet six inches ; to be sure it is true, lay a large 
square down, and make your horizontal line come true to it ; 
draw a line from extreme of perpendicular to extreme of hor- 
izontal ; that will be length of top without hem ; allow two 
and a half inches extra for bottom hem for five-eighth 
bar — nothing for head ; see end of cloth is square before 
cutting ; cut as mary widths as you want. To cut side cur- 
tains cut both together ;. put two ends of cloth together; 
see if they are square ; draw down to horizontal line, run- 
ning over it two inches for hem ; also allowing selvedges to 
run over perpendicular line for hem half an inch ; draw line 
same as before from extreme of perpendicular to extreme 
of horizontal ; cut by that hne ; the gores left can be turned 
around and worked in, without loss, cutting off at horizon- 
tal line same as last. If side curtain is not yet complete 
take single cloth, double it over lengthways, and cut across 
the top ; the gore turning around can be worked in without 
waste, same as before ; split the two short pieces where 
they are doubled over, and join by machine ; hollow out 
of side curtain two inches in centre ; nothing at each end ; 
it will sit better for this ; cut curtain fifteen inches deep. 
You now have awning in three parts — top, side curtains and 
scolloped curtains. Never, if it can be avoided, have join- 
ing in cloth on top of awning. Short pieces work up for 
scolloped curtains, and if anything is left over it will answer 
for strengthening pieces on corners and chafing pieces for 
pulleys. In joining cloths for top take care when joining 
last cloth, if it is half a width, one-quarter width, or whatever 
it may be, that selvedge is outside. Do not have raw edge 



Awning Stripes and Materials. 



outside; if raw edge is outside when awning is up that side 
wil|^i)egin to stretch, and awning will present an unsightly 
appearance. Your top must be four laches longer than ac- 
tual length on the width. When top is joiaed, run the two 
sides together. See they come out even — if not even trim 
off. Make hems, turning over bottom two and a half 
inches for five-eiglit iron ; for gas pipe, four inches. Turn 
over top one inch, puttmg rope inside for strengthening. 
Put pieces on the foiu* corners and every other seam at top 
for pullej^^s. When side curtains are joined and hemmed 
baste to top, and join them. You will probably find side 
curtains full about four inches. In basting them in you 
divide the fullness, and it is not seen. When putting cur- 
tain on awniag make stripes match ; at outer comers allow 
four inches extra; this is necessary to make it sit well. If it 
is white curtain put it on sides one inch full, and if awning is 
twenty feet fi'ont put in six inches fullness on front as well 
as four inch pleat on corners. This is also a necessity. In 
cutting scollops for ciu'tain use, a scollop that will match 
with stripe, make a good, full scollop — it looks well. Make 
a small scoUop, and put up a mean awniag, and people will 
try to make their own a^vaings. 

For white curtain use eight ounce duck, or heavy drill- 
ing ; the eight ounce duck wears best. 



TO FINISH OFF AWNING. 

Sew five-eighth ring on one of the corners of head. Sew 
through rope ; a four thread needle, with four parts of twine 
well waxed, is the best for this. Stretch head out as far as 
you want it and sew ring on opposite corner. Suspend the 
awning, and while suspended sew rings, seam and centre 
across the head ; also, sew five-eighth rings on the awniag for 
the ropes — the first one (4) four inches from the head, and 
the rest (2) two feet apart. Of course, these riags you only 
sew every other seam. At the two sides there is one ring 
only. Sew rings on bottom hem of side curtaia. 



Thomas Maetin, 276 Canal Steeet, N. Y. 




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REPEESENTATION OF UNDERSIDE OF AWNING SPEEAD OUT READY 
FOR LINES AND PULLEYS. 

Make pockets in bottom hem for the ropes to fasten to 
front bar, at every other seam, and one at each corner ; 
pockets at corners four inches long ; centre pockets (2.^) 
two and one-half inches long. Get your blacksmith to give 
you a small bar five-eighth iron, twelve inches long, with 
hole punched in, same size as hole in corner of front bar"; 
set that in bottom hem, close up to corner, and punch hole 
right through ; do this in both comers of bottom hem ; knock 
in a brass gromet ; if you have not tools for that purpose, 
work the hole around like button hole, it will answer just as 
well ; these holes are for corner extension rods. 

Alittle judgment is required to adjust the pulleys ; a new 
awning can be torn in a few days after it is put up, by not 
adjusting the pulleys properly ; pulleys on an awning are 
known as "riseups and leaders ;" the leaders lead Hues from 
the riseups to pull up the awning ; the riseups are those by 
which the awning is raised up, and they are the ones that 
do the damage ; the pulleys must be hung in such a manner 
that the wheel of the pulley is on a line with the rings. If 
the leaders are to the left of riseup, the riseup will fasten 
one inch or two to the right of the Hne of rings, the object be- 
ing, as stated, to bring wheel of pulley on line of rings. The 
best way to finish this part, is to stretch awning out, and ad- 
just pulleys, tacking them on awning where they should go ; 
when you put awning up, cut tacking and fasten pulley on 
house ; lines should pull up at left side of store door as you 



Awning Tent and Flag Manufacturer. 9 

come out (when door is in centre); but there is no rule for 
this, they can as well be arranged at either comer ; a wooden 
button must be placed on line between first ring and pulley ; 
this prevents cutting and chafing ; this is a necessity. 

Two and one-half inch pulley and five-eighth rings for 
rise and fall awning. 

TO OEDEE FEAME. 

For awning twenty feet front, six feet up, and six feet six 
inches out, you will have four extension rods (if there is 
place to fasten them). Store fronts are differently built, 
sometimes with windows setting back at entrance, and 
again windows setting out from building, or with column 
between windows and door, this last affording good place 
for stump. When that is the case you want four stumps, 
four extension rods, and front bar the desired length. Frame 
to be five-eighth iron. You can have holes punched through 
ends of front bar for the two end extension rods. The two 
centre extension rods can clasp the front bar. By this ar- 
rangement the centre extension can be placed any place you 
see fit, and no trouble. The stumps will be made — if for 
brick or stone, three inches longer. This is the distance to 
set in the brick or stone : Drill hole five-eighth inch in diam- 
eter, put in stub and fill in with hot lead ; if front is six- 
teen feet wide you can dispense with centre extension rods. 
By having front bar gas pipe, three-quarter inch in diame- 
ter, it will not bend. In case front is wider, and no place 
for centre extension rod, then the side extension rods must 
be doubled, having a spread of four feet on front bar, 
the centre of front bar being gas-pipe. (By giving full 
measurement frames can be ordered and sent out to you.) 
It is possible to find a front where you cannot fasten 
stump to building. In that case a solid iron bar one inch 
diameter, securely fastened at tox3, above windows, and be- 
low, stump can be welded on bar. This will work secure- 
ly. Where front is too wide for one awning, have stubs 
made shape of letter T, with nut each side, so two exten- 
sions can work on it. This will work nicely. Of course stub 



10 Thomas Martin, 276 Canal Steeet, N. Y. 

should be heavier iron — three-quarter inch. Where stub 

1 1 over six inches from building it must be double. The 
single length is not strong enough of five-eighth iron unless 
it is a small awning. If store front is iron, holes must be 
cut and tapped for stubs, and if iron at top, holes must be 
cut and tapped same way for hooks. These hooks should be 
about five feet apart for head-rod ; head-rod five-eighth iron. 
Head-rod set in hooks. A good blacksmith or machinist will 
put up stumps and head-rod in half a day. By using a chisel 
the hole can be chipped out and tapped very quickly. They 
will prefer the drill, but induce them to use the chisel, and 
they will prefer it. 

TO PUT UP AWNING. 

Put up two end stubs, seven feet from pavement, draw a 
liue across from stub to stub; put centre stubs to match ; 
fasten one coiner of awning at top, on line with stub, go to 
other end and draw out, fastening corner ; any fullness can 
be divided best in this manner as you go along. Pulleys 
can be fastened at proper place ; if it is a head rod, take (3) 
three extra turns around head rod itself ; for pulleys, if pul- 
leys are merely tied to head rod they will, eventually, slide 
away along the head rod and tear the awning, or burst the 
ring off ; when finished along the head, put in front bar and 
fasten the riseup hues to front bar ; fasten the two end ex- 
tension rods, shove out and bolt to stubs ; the centre exten- 
sion rods fasten next ; the side curtauis next. Put loop on 
ring on side curtain to keep it in place. 

MEASURING PEONT WITH CORNICE OR 
PROJECTION AT TOP. 

Measure same as ordinary rise and fall awning, for 
height ; measure distance out of projection at top (if awning 
is to be fastened to projection), and order stubs (6) six inches 
longer than actual distance. Example : If projection is 
twelve inches out, have stubs eighteen inches ; of course, 
stubs will be double, as single stubs that length wiU not 
answer. 



Awning Stripes and Materials. 



11 



TO CUT. 

Make diagram on floor, same as ordinary rise and fall 
awning, adding, also, the distance back, caused bj projec- 
tion ; draw line, cut and finish same as rise and fall awn- 
ing; if the stubs screw on wood, have flanges turned in 
opposite directions, that screws will not enter same grain of 
wood ; make, finish, and put up, same as rise and fall. In 
measuring old frame for new awning, be sure and measure 
front bar ; do not take width of house only, as many mis- 
takes have occurred from this ; also notice if front bar is 
gas pipe, or five-eighth iron, and make hem accordingly. It 
is not advisable to measure old awnings, as they stretch so 
much no confidence can be placed in them. Measure down 
and out cut and finish as new awning. 




TO MEASURE SLIDE AWNING. 

SHde awnings are used where store front is too low for 
ordinary rise and faU awning. Take, for example, a 



12 Thomas Mabtin, 276 Canal Steebt, N. Y. 



store front ten feet higli ; tliat would be three feet up, 
and stump, six inclies, would be three feet six inches out, 
which is next to nothing. By using slides it can be extended 
out from house, seven feet, and even more, and still the 
awning will be the proper height ; the bottom of curtain, six 
feet from sidewalk. Example : Front, ten feet high ; allow 
six feet to pass under ; one foot for curtaia leaves three feet 
up ; order slide rods four feet and three inches in the clear, 
with small hole punched through, three inches down from 
top ; this is for pin to support shde when awning is set; 
order front bar width you want it, and extension rods, seven 
feet ; three feet down and four feet slide is seven feet ; the 
extra three inches on slide rod is room for shde. 

Make diagram same as rise and fall awning, and cut, 
finish, and put up as before mentioned. 

The difference between the shde store awning and the 
slide window awning is— the store awning slides up, to set it, 
and the window awning shdes down, to set it. 

These frames can be ordered here also. SHdes are made 
for five-eighth square iron. 

TO MEASUEE, OEDER FEAMES, AND MAKE AWN- 
INGS TO GO BETWEEN lEON COLUMNS. 

It is often the case instead of one awning to go across 
front they will have separate awnings to go between columns. 
If square at top (tops are made square, ehptic and half- 
round), measure the height from pavement to top. If 
very high curtain, can be six feet six inches or seven feet from 
pavement. Example: Height, fourteen feet ; width, six feet. 
Make diagram on floor. Perpendicular, six feet three inches ; 
horizontal, five feet. Cut same as rise and fall, and allow for 
hem top and bottom ; one inch for top, two and one-half 
for bottom. This is one foot three inches less out than 
the up. It looks much better than same out and up ; 
as well when drawn up ; it draws up close. Make width 
of awning five feet ten inches. Order frame in one piece of 
five-eighth inch iron, five feet eight inches wide, and five feet 
out, this is allowing two inches off each side for slide 



Awning Tent and Flag Manufactuber. 



13 



rods ; slide rods haK incli iron, two feet long ; slide rods 
are fastened with screw eye bolt at top and bolt at bottom. 
Slides : put on slide rods before they are fastened up. 
If awnings are made same out as up, make stubs one and 
one-half inches long, and order frame three inches less 
than the width. 



12 In. 




4 In 




If columns project at top get projection. [See cut). Wlien 
awnings sHde they pass projection. If they will not pass, 
frame must be rounded off at corners. {See- corner of frame 
rounded, off)- Example : Column projects four inches; take 
off corners as much as necessary for frame to pass easily. To 
finish off put rings on head ten inches apart, and down the 
awning, underside, of course, to within four feet of bottom 
hem. Have first ring four inches from top ; the others 
eighteen inches apart. Frame inside of hem all way round. 
Three lines to awning. Lines to come down either side as 
it suits. If iron at top, put up head-rod or a stout joist. 
Can be wedged in tight and held in its place by hold-fasts, 
driven in between joints of column and girder. Two inch 
pulley, and five-eighth or one-half inch rings for awnings. 
No pieces on sHde awnings. 

TO MEASUEE BOUND TOP. 

If top is half round, measure as follows : Distance up in 
centre; distance up on side, and the width. Example : Height 
in centre, fourteen feet ; height on side, eleven feet ; width, 
six feei Order frame five feet out in centre, two feet out on 



14 Thomas Martin, 276 Canal Street, N. Y. 

side ; widtla, fire feet eiglit inclies. When ready to cut, get 
a smooth surface against the wall. Measure up the wall 
for centre, six feet three inches ; for side, three feet three 
inches, and mark out circle ; and for the width, lay down the 
frame on the floor, making sure that centre of frame on floor 
is directly opposite to centre marked on wall — in other 
words, you endeavor to get an exact duplicate ot front you 
have measured. To cut, tack selvedge of cloth on wall, 
commencing at centre of round, draw out cloth to centre of 
frame on the floor and tack there ; tack next at top, on line 
marked for window circle ; tack at bottom of frame ; so on 
at top and bottom, going round as far as cloth will go. Cut 
off, leaving room enough at the bottom and top for hem. 
As one cloth is not enough, finish space left. You have now 
half of awning cut. Take down and cut other half to 
match. If you have it true you can cut more by this. 
There will be some waste, but not much. Wnen you put 
curtain on awning, commence in centre of round ; match 
it there ; let the rest go as it will. The proper way to put 
up round awning is to have slide rod go all way round, in 
two parts, meeting at top. Rings are sewed on crossways, 
and head rod goes through rings and through eye-bolts. 
This is a difficult way, but it is the proper way. The other 
plan is to tie head of awning to rod of iron overhead, and 
have short sHde rods. This is the quickest, and often done ; 
but not the best. Three rise up lines for this awning. 

If there is a projection at side of round top, make an off- 
set on frame on each side sufficient to pass projection. 

To cut, lay out on wall exact round you have measured, 
without the projection. Lay down frame on floor ; make 
sure centre of frame is on line with centre of round at top. 
Tack cloth centre of top and centre of frame, and so on as 
far as cloth will go, filling out what is necessary ; the off-set 
on frame wiU clear projection. 

TO FINISH OFF. 
Sew first ring on head in centre, the others eight inches 



Awning Stripes and Materials. 15 

apart for about three feet; increase the distance of balance 
to fifteen inches. Finish same as awning between columns. 

AWNING FOR ELIPTIC HEAD. 

Measure centre and side ; cut same as rise and fall, mak- 
ing top of awTiing square ; put sides of top together when 
joined ; trim off at head sufficient to make ehptic. Frame 
can be ordered square on the front, which looks well ; or jou 
can have front of frame eliptic. 

Rvle. — For frame to go between columns to slide, make four 
inches narrower on width. For frame same distance out as 
up, on stubs, make three inches narrower on width. No 
pieces on awning; half-inch rings, two-inch pulleys and 
medium size cotton Hne. 

TO MEASURE WINDOW AWNINGS, TO CUT 
AWNINGS, AND ORDER FRAMES. 

Window awnings are made two feet six inches out, and 
three feet out. Measure the height from sill to lintel and the 
width, the full width of window frame. For all up-stairs win- 
dows, bottom of scolloped curtain should touch the sill 
when awning is down. For parlor window, bottom of scol- 
loped curtain (3) three inches from sill. The same rule for 
cutting rise and fall awnings will answer here, except allow 
for hems, head and bottom extra, same as awnings between 
columns, and cut side curtain two inches wider; if for frame 
two feet six inches out ; cut two feet eight inches out. 
The object is to bring them close up to window frame and 
to exclude the sun. The top of awning will be cut one and a 
half inches less than width of window frame. Example: 
Window seven feet high, width three feet three inches. Cut 
side curtain five feet eleven inches on the perpendicular, and 
allow two and one- half inches for hem, and two feet eight 
inches on the horizontal ; cut tops to suit angle, allow- 
ing for hems head and bottom, and cut scolloped curtain 
fifteen inches. Order frames, 9-16 iron, three feet wide, 
two feet six inches out, with holes punched through at 



16 



Thomas Mabtin, 276 Canal Street, N. Y. 



ends, and slide rods four feet long, 3-8 iron; frame always 
(when awning slides) three inclies narrower than window 
frame, shde rods always sis inches longer than distance 
necessary to shde ; for parlor window make awnings three 
feet out. If balcony outside parlor windows, make bottom 
of scollop (when awning is down) on hne with railing. 

If window is only four feet six inches high, frames, to work 
no hinges or feet, will do ; in that case cut side curtain three 
feet three inches down (allow for hems) and three feet out; 
cut top to suit angle, and cut scolloped curtaui fifteen inches. 
Order frames two inches less on the width ; if top of window 
is eliptic or half round, cut as directed for awnings between 
columns where this is described ; be sure tops are true be- 
fore you join side curtains. Strike the sides of top together 
and trim off if necQssary. 




TO FINISH OFF. 

Put small rope in head of awning for strengthening 
(no pieces on window awning), and sew half inch rings 



AwOTNG Tent and Flag Manufacturer. 17 

on head seven inches apart ; for rise-ups, first ring four 
inches from top, others fifteen inches apart, last one three 
feet from bottom hem ; three pockets in bottom hem, two and 
a-half inches wide; three rise-ups for awning,three feet vdde; 
two rise-ups for awning, two feet six inches wide. Put awn- 
ing on frame, the frame going inside of awning, sew ends 
up, force hole through cloth and through hole in frame, put 
in hole just made, awning slide, and fasten nut tight, lines 
to be left side, lookiiig out. 

TO PUT UP. 

Put pulley in centre of window, put centre line through 
and puU up awning and fasten line, while you fasten 
head of awning; let awning down when fastened. To put 
up . slide rods — have bottom of slide rods three inches 
below awning ; mark where top of slide rods will come 
and put up screw eye. Shove slide rod through slide and 
top through screw eye ; fasten bottom of shde rod with 
screw, and same way the other side ; rest of pulleys can be 
put up, taking care that wheel of pulley is on line with the 
rings ; put up cleet for the hues, and awning is finished. 
One and a half inch pulhes, half inch rings, and small line 
for window awning. 

When you have an odd window awning to cut observe the 
following : 

Cut side curtains for a single window without waste ; 
double over cloth lengthwise, draw down to horizontal line 
with selvedges on perpendicular line, and cut across angle, 
turning around part that is left and working it in ; cut the 
parts doubled over and join by machine. 

The above rule is for stripe ; no waste to side curtain 
when white material is used. 

The above is also described when cutting rise and fall 
awning, filling out side curtain, 

TO MEASURE FOR WINDOW AWNINGS, WHEN 
BLINDS ARE ON WINDOWS AND IN USE. 

Parties having blinds on the house can have awnings as 



18 



Thomas Maiitin, 276 Canal Street, N. Y. 



well, folding the blinds on the awnings (when awnings are 
drawn back) as though no awning was there. 

Measure from blind stop to blind stop on the width, and 
from sill to bhnd stop on the height. 

Blinds close up to blind stop when blinds are closed* 
(Any house carpenter will explain what blind stop is). 
Example : Height, six feet ; width, three feet three inches ; 
order frame two feet six out, and three feet one inch wide; 
three-eighth iron ; slide rods three feet long. Cut top of awning- 
wider at head than bottom. Head of awning, when done, 
three feet four inches ; bottom of awning, three feet one inch 
wide. Cut same as rise and fall, five feet perpendicular, 
and two feet seven inches horizontal, allowing of course for 
hem. Sew rings underneath awning for riseups ; first one 
six inches down from head ; the others eighteen inches 
apart. No rings on head, and no pulleys to be used. Finish 
same as other window awnings. Use tacks to fasten head 
of awning ; tack to blind stop at top, and use screw eyes for 
pulleys. If pulleys were used, blinds would force them in 
and break glass. Screw eyes must be put up to present flat 
side to bhnd. Finish same as window awning. Of course, 
when you wish to close bhnd, draw awning back ; do not 
slide awning up. Awning can be drawn back and up if you 
wish ; but let it slide down to close blind. 




Aavning Stkipes and Mateeials. 19 

ROLLER AND TIE-DOWN AWNINGS. 

There are two kinds of awnings about which nothing has 
been said heretofore. They are quite common. They are 
known as the " Roller xA.wning and the Tie-down Awning." 
They are generally made of white duck, and should be 
made by hand. When made of awning stripes, or drilling, 
they can be made by machine. 

To cut for roller awning cut the full length, allowing as 
many inches more as necessary for hems, as they will not 
stretch worth speaking about. The proper method to fasten 
roller is to make wide hem at bottom of awning, and put 
roller inside. Roller should be at least four inches diameter, 
which would be hem of seven inches wide. To fimsh off, 
stretch head same as rise and fall, and put rings every 
seam on top, or seam and centre ; a rope inside of hem 
on top of course. No rope on sides ; plain hem. Roller 
can be fastened to awning as well by making hem at bot- 
tom, of two inches wide (with rope inside), and holes 
worked in on every seam, and passing marlhi several times 
around roller, and through hole at seam. To put up awn- 
ing, put roller in hem, or fasten, as case may be, and roll 
up. Put up pulleys and ropes. Put awning in bight of 
ropes, and pull cip to top. Fasten rings and the awning is 
finished. Pullies to rise should be about four feet inside 
on each side, and leading pulley at whatever side you want 
it. Note. — Rise and fall awnings, pulleys go under the awn- 
ing; roller awnings, pulleys go on top. 

TO PUT UP ROPES FOR ROLLER AWNINGS. 

Rope fastens under awning at top, on a line with pulley, 
passes down to bottom, around and up on top of awning to 
raise up pulley, and from there to leaJer; same way with 
other rope ; two ropes to roll up roller awning. 

It is well to have two ropes, one at each side at bottom 
of awning, to fasten to front rail to keep awning down. 
When rafters are putting up for frame, c irpenter should un- 
derstand the first rafter on each side should be two feet in; 



20 Thomas Martin, 276 Canal Street, N. Y. 

never should first rafter be on line witli first ring of awn- 
ing. First rafter always two feet in. Eoller awnings will 
give more satisfaction. 

TO CUT TIE-DOWN AWNINGS. 

Never cut for tie-down awnings exactly as they measure 
on the length ; on the width they must be right. De- 
duct half inch on every foot, and make no allowances for 
hems. Example : Awning eighteen feet from building out 
to front rail of awning frame. Cut awiiing seventeen feet 
three inches. When awning is hemmed top and bottom it 
will measure seventeen feet; one inch hem at top, two inches 
at bottom. Awning should have rope sewed all round 
outside. Only those that understand this can put rope on 
properly. (You can have these made in the city for less 
than you can make them. ) Kope must be put onto take 
the strain, otherwise it is of no use. To put up Awning : 
Fasten one comer first ; going to the other side draw out 
same as rise and fall awning ; then draw out at bottom at 
one corner as tight as possible ; go to the other corner and 
draw out same way ; then draw out between. When done 
awning should be as tight as a drum. Awning will be six 
or eight inches away from front rail. Leave it for a week 
or ten days, then draw it out ; This time it vnW be slack 
enough to come all the way down by a hard pull. It will not 
stretch any more ; it will remain firm. Eoller Awnings 
and Tie-down Awnings should have the pieces on four cor- 
ners. 

TO CUT SIDE CUKTAINS FOE STATIONAEY 
FEAMES. 

But three measures are required — the large end, the small 
end, and the distance across pavement. The distance across 
is very important. To get it true, fasten tape line at house 
where the lower end of large end of side curtain will come. 
Go out to small end, and with help of ladder get distance. 



Awning Tent and Flag Manufactueer. 21 

taking care that the line across is true. (Some person stand- 
ing off a httle distance will tell you whether to raise or 
lower your hand.) By this plan you get the distance across 
and the small end. Make diagram of these measures on 
floor. Be sure they are true. Eun a line from end of up- 
per perpendicular to upper end of lower perpendicular. 
This will give you the angle. Cut, and hem all around; 
put rope inside of angle only. Sew rings through rope, 
two feet apart. 

TO DEAW SIDE CUETAIN BACK. 

Side curtains can be made to draw up by suspending side 
curtain on wire rope ; fastening pulleys at upper end of per- 
pendicular ; rope running through pulleys and fastening at 
upper corner of small end, and so draw it up. A pulley at 
lower end with rope made fast same way will draw it 
down. 

GENEEAL INEOEMATION. 

For anything in the foregoing not clearly imderstood, write 
for explanation ; or, by sending complete measurements. Awn- 
ing will be cut and sent to you, everything marked where 
it will go, so you can join and finish. Frames can be shipped 
to you to fit accordingly. 

It is not safe to use aU stripes sold as Awning stripe. 
There is a number sold that do not deserve the name. The 
curtain when scoUoped, curls — no reason assigned ; they will 
not lay even, therefore they should not be used. The sam- 
ples you have are made for the purpose and will give satis- 
faction. I have had fifteen years experience in the business, 
and speak from knowledge. Goods can be had in any quan- 
tity, from a few yards to bales. Awning Fringe, Binding, 
Scolloped Curtains, &c. AU Awning Hardware in stock gal- 
vanized. 

Awning Cleets, four sizes, to fasten the hues. 

Awning Feet or Hinges, for window awnings to work on. 

Awning Eings, all sizes. 



22 Thomas Maetin, 276 Canal Street, N. Y. 

Awning Hooks and Screw eyes. 

Awning Slides, three si2;es, three -eighth for window awning, 
one-half inch for shde awning between columns, five- 
eighth inch for store slide awning. 

Shde Rods, from one foot to five feet long, three -eighth 
iron. 

There are four sizes Pulleys — one and one-half inches for 
window awning, two inches for shde awning, between col- 
ums, two and one-half inches for store awning, three inches 
for roller awning. 

There are several sizes Cotton Bope for the several kinds 
of awning. 

There are two qualities Manilla Eope used — six, nine and 
twelve thread. Six thread for the head, inside of hem, of 
store awning, and is also used very often to rise up large store 
awnings; but it will not wear Hke Cotton Rope. The nine 
and twelve thread is used for roller awnings. 

A full supply of all goods used in the business on hand. 

All Goods sold for Cash. 

THOMAS MARTIN, 

276 Canal Street, 

New York City. 





